Protein digestibility is measured by seeing how much nitrogen is excreted in the feces compared to the amount of nitrogen which is ingested. A correction is made for the amount of nitrogen which is normally lost in the feces. Therefore, digestibility research examines how much more nitrogen is lost over normal levels when a given protein is fed.
If an individual were fed 5 grams of nitrogen (approximately 30 grams of protein) and 1 gram of nitrogen was excreted in the feces, this would represent a digestibility of 80% (4 grams retained divided by 5 grams consumed). Table 1 shows the digestibility for some common proteins.
Table 1: Digestibility of common proteins foods
Food source Protein digestibility (%)
Egg 97
Milk and cheese 97
Mixed US diet 96
Peanut butter 95
Meat and fish 94
Whole wheat 86
Oatmeal 86
Soybeans 78
Rice 76
Source: National Research Council. Recommended Dietary Allowances, 10th ed. National Academy Press, 1989.
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